Histamine is a developmentally highly conserved autacoid found in most vertebrate tissues.
Its physiological functions are mediated by four 7-transmembrane G protein–coupled …

This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

The development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) involves binge or heavy drinking to high
levels of intoxication that leads to compulsive intake, the loss of control in limiting intake, and …

Histamine is a transmitter in the nervous system and a signaling molecule in the gut, the
skin, and the immune system. Histaminergic neurons in mammalian brain are located …

The principal neurons of the arousal and sleep circuits are comprised by glutamate and
GABA neurons, which are distributed within the reticular core of the brain and, through local …

Orexins, also known as hypocretins, are two neuropeptides secreted from orexin-containing
neurons, mainly in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Orexins orchestrate their effects by …

Histamine acts as a modulatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. It has an important
role in the maintenance of wakefulness, and dysfunction in the histaminergic system has …

The histaminergic system in the brain is a phylogenetically old group of neurons that project
to most of the central nervous system. It holds a key position in the regulation of basic body …

Although maintained by multiple arousal systems, wakefulness falters if orexin (hypocretin),
orexin receptors, or orexin neurons are deficient; narcolepsy results with hypersomnolence …

Orexins (also known as hypocretins) are neuropeptides located exclusively in hypothalamic
neurons that have extensive projections throughout the central nervous system and bind two …