Selection bias remains a subject of controversy. Existing definitions of selection bias are
ambiguous. To improve communication and the conduct of epidemiologic research focused …

In this issue, Weiss discusses “generalizing” inferences from randomized trials to other
populations [1]. However, he does not explicitly define what “generalizing” means, assumes …

Controlling for confounding bias is crucial in causal inference. Causal inference using data
from observational studies (eg, electronic health records) or imperfectly randomized trials …

Objective To test the effect of proactive home visits by trained community health workers
(CHWs) on child survival. Methods We conducted a two arm, parallel, unmasked cluster …

Comparative effectiveness evidence from randomized trials may not be directly
generalizable to a target population of substantive interest when, as in most cases, trial …

Background There is lack of agreement in the literature about the effectiveness of
photobiomodulation (PBM) for reducing pain-related symptoms in patients with knee …

Background Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI)–based regimens are now
recommended as first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for adults with human …

Background: Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI)-based regimens have been
recommended as first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for adults with HIV. But data on long …

The participants in randomized trials and other studies used for causal inference are often
not representative of the populations seen by clinical decision-makers. To account for …

Background One cause of poor outcomes in children of low-income countries affected by
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is loss to follow-up due to abandonment of treatment …