The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only
hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion …

Pancreatic β cells secrete insulin, the body's only hormone capable of lowering plasma
glucose levels. Impaired or insufficient insulin secretion results in diabetes mellitus. The β …

This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet—including its structure, cell composition,
development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key …

The pancreatic islet secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon to regulate glucose
metabolism. To generate an adequate secretory response, islet endocrine cells must receive …

In β cells, stimulation by metabolic, hormonal, neuronal, and pharmacological factors is
coupled to secretion of insulin through different intracellular signaling pathways. Our …

Diabetes is a complex disease characterized by hyperglycemia, together with polyuria,
polydipsia, and polyphagia. While Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from genetic …

Purinergic signaling, a concept originally formulated by the late Geoffrey Burnstock (1929–
2020), was found to modulate pathways in every physiological system. In metabolic …

Extracellular ATP has been proposed as a paracrine signal in rodent islets, but it is unclear
what role ATP plays in human islets. We now show the presence of an ATP signaling …

Identification of cell-surface markers specific to human pancreatic β cells would allow in vivo
analysis and imaging. Here we introduce a biomarker, ectonucleoside triphosphate …

The function and survival of pancreatic β cells critically rely on complex electrical signaling
systems composed of a series of ionic events, namely fluxes of K+, Na+, Ca 2+ and Cl …