BACKGROUND The extent of urban areas is increasing around the world, and most humans
now live in cities. Urbanization results in dramatic environmental change, including …

The majority of humanity now lives in cities or towns, with this proportion expected to
continue increasing for the foreseeable future. As novel ecosystems, urban areas offer an …

A great challenge for ecology in the coming decades is to understand the role humans play
in eco-evolutionary dynamics. If, as emerging evidence shows, rapid evolutionary change …

Urban ecosystems are rapidly expanding throughout the world, but how urban growth affects
the evolutionary ecology of species living in urban areas remains largely unknown. Urban …

Current narratives suggest that urban adaptation–the adaptive evolution of organisms to
cities–is pervasive across taxa and cities. However, in reviewing hundreds of studies, we …

Urbanization drastically transforms landscapes, resulting in fragmentation, degradation, and
the loss of local biodiversity. Yet, urban environments also offer opportunities to observe …

Detecting the extrinsic selective pressures shaping genomic variation is critical for a better
understanding of adaptation and for forecasting evolutionary responses of natural …

Urban ecologists have demonstrated that cities are functioning ecosystems. It follows then
that species living in these contexts should participate in and experience the same suite of …

The deer mouse (genus Peromyscus) is the most abundant mammal in North America, and it
occupies almost every type of terrestrial habitat. It is not surprising therefore that the natural …

Urbanization is quickly changing natural and agricultural landscapes, with consequences for
the herbivorous arthropods dwelling in or near cities. Here, we review the evidence for the …