Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made an indelible mark in the field of cancer
immunotherapy. Starting with the approval of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a cancer treatment with
enormous potential, demonstrating impressive antitumor activity in the treatment of …

Programmed Death-1 (PD-1; CD279) is an inhibitory receptor induced in activated T cells.
PD-1 engagement by its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, maintains peripheral tolerance but also …

The binding of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on the surface of T cells and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-
L1) on tumor cells can prevent the immune-killing effect of T cells on tumor cells and …

Immunotherapies that target PD-1/PD-L1 axis have shown unprecedented success in a wide
variety of human cancers. PD-1 is one of the key coinhibitory receptors expressed on T cells …

Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio-and
chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances have led to …

Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) is a
negative modulatory signaling pathway for activation of T cell. It is acknowledged that PD …

T cell activation is a highly regulated process involving peptide–MHC engagement of the T
cell receptor and positive costimulatory signals. Upon activation, coinhibitory'checkpoints' …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) activates host's anti-tumor immune response by blocking
negative regulatory immune signals. A series of clinical trials showed that ICI could …

The T‐cell response is central in the adaptive immune‐mediated elimination of pathogen‐
infected and/or cancer cells. This activated T‐cell response can inflict an overwhelming …