Neuropathic pain caused by nerve injury or disease remains a major challenge for modern
medicine worldwide. Most of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are …

Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time.
After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular …

The word “glia” is derived from the Greek word “γλoια,” glue of the enteric nervous system,
and for many years, enteric glial cells (EGCs) were believed to provide mainly structural …

Stressors ranging from psychogenic/social to neurogenic/injury to systemic/microbial can
impact microglial inflammatory processes, but less is known regarding their effects on …

Astrocytes, as the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, are tightly
integrated into neural networks and participate in numerous aspects of brain physiology and …

Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are incurable
autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract …

METHODS. Stellate ganglia from patients with cardiomyopathy (CMY) and refractory
ventricular arrhythmias undergoing cardiac sympathetic denervation (n= 8), and from organ …

A major challenge modern society has to face is the increasing need for tissue regeneration
due to degenerative diseases or tumors, but also accidents or warlike conflicts. There is …

The premise that the central nervous system is immune-privileged arose from the fact that
direct contact between immune and nervous cells is hindered by the blood–brain barrier …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing condition with no known etiology
and is characterized by disrupted gut homeostasis, chronic inflammation, and ulcerative …