A wide array of microorganisms, including many novel, phylogenetically deeply rooted taxa,
survive and thrive in extreme environments. These unique and reduced-complexity …

Compared to bacteria, our knowledge of archaeal biology is limited. Historically,
microbiologists have mostly relied on culturing and single-gene diversity surveys to …

The accrual of genomic data from both cultured and uncultured microorganisms provides
new opportunities to develop systematic taxonomies based on evolutionary relationships …

The recent recovery of genomes for organisms from phyla with no isolated representative
(candidate phyla) via cultivation-independent genomics enabled delineation of major new …

Woese and Fox's 1977 paper on the discovery of the Archaea triggered a revolution in the
field of evolutionary biology by showing that life was divided into not only prokaryotes and …

Candidate phyla radiation (CPR) bacteria and DPANN (an acronym of the names of the first
included phyla) archaea are massive radiations of organisms that are widely distributed …

Candidate phyla radiation (CPR) bacteria and DPANN archaea are unisolated, small-celled
symbionts that are often detected in groundwater. The effects of groundwater geochemistry …

CRISPR–Cas systems provide microbes with adaptive immunity by employing short DNA
sequences, termed spacers, that guide Cas proteins to cleave foreign DNA,. Class 2 …

The Archaea occupy a key position in the Tree of Life, and are a major fraction of microbial
diversity. Abundant in soils, ocean sediments and the water column, they have crucial roles …

Genome sequencing enhances our understanding of the biological world by providing
blueprints for the evolutionary and functional diversity that shapes the biosphere. However …