The amino acid sequence of a protein affects both its structure and its function. Thus, the
ability to modify the sequence, and hence the structure and activity, of individual proteins in …

Continuous directed evolution methods allow the key steps of evolution—gene
diversification, selection, and replication—to proceed in the laboratory with minimal …

We report a straightforward method for the preparation of lipid vesicles inspired by forming
soap bubbles from a soap film. Vesicles are mechanically blown out of a preformed …

In vitro methods have enabled the rapid and efficient evolution of proteins and successful
generation of novel and highly functional proteins. However, the available methods consider …

Aptamers are nucleic acid-based scaffolds that can bind with high affinity to a variety of
biological targets. Aptamers are identified from large DNA or RNA libraries through a …

Laboratory synthesis of an elementary biological cell from isolated components may aid in
understanding of the fundamental principles of life and will provide a platform for a range of …

A new ultra-high-throughput screening assay for the detection of cellulase activity was
developed based on microfluidic sorting. Cellulase activity is detected using a series of …

We introduce a data-driven epistatic model of protein evolution, capable of generating
evolutionary trajectories spanning very different time scales reaching from individual …

In the rapidly evolving landscape of nanomedicine, aptamers have emerged as powerful
molecular tools, demonstrating immense potential in targeted therapeutics, diagnostics, and …

In this study, the amount of protein synthesized using an in vitro protein synthesis system
composed of only highly purified components (the PURE system) was optimized. By varying …