Many features of the environment have been found to exert an important influence on
cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, progression, and severity. Changes in the environment …

Context Rapid developments in e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS),
and the evolution of the overall tobacco product marketplace warrant frequent evaluation of …

Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a diverse group of battery-powered
devices that aerosolise a liquid–often referred to as an 'e-liquid'–for inhalation. First …

Tobacco smoking is a major public health threat for both smokers and nonsmokers. There is
accumulating evidence demonstrating that smoking causes several human diseases …

Smoking continues to be a burden to economies and health-care systems across the world.
One proposed solution to the problem has been e-cigarettes; however, because they are a …

Since e-cigarettes appeared in the mid-2000s, some practitioners, researchers, and policy
makers have embraced them as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes and an …

Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended
in the air with varying size, shape, and chemical composition which intensifies significant …

Background Smoking is responsible for substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Electronic cigarettes have been advocated as a means to reduce this disease burden; by …

The lung is one of the most important organs exposed to environmental agents. People
spend approximately 90% of their time indoors, and risks to health may thus be greater from …

With the rapid increase in electronic cigarette (e-cig) users worldwide, secondhand
exposure to e-cig aerosols has become a serious public health concern. We summarize the …