The gut microbiome is a microbial ecosystem which expresses 100 times more genes than
the human host and plays an essential role in human health and disease pathogenesis …

Chronic liver disease is reaching epidemic proportions with the increasing prevalence of
obesity, nonalcoholic liver disease, and alcohol overuse worldwide. Most patients are not …

Complement receptor of immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) is expressed on liver
macrophages and directly binds complement component C3b or Gram-positive bacteria to …

Cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are serious
threats to people's health. In addition to hepatic cell apoptosis and liver inflammation caused …

Diallyl disulfide (DADS) has been suggested to possess hepatoprotection against alcoholic
liver disease (ALD) by a couple of pilot studies, while the underlying mechanisms remain …

Abstract Background and Purpose Gut bacteria metabolize tryptophan into indoles. Intestinal
levels of the tryptophan metabolite indole‐3‐acetic acid are reduced in patients with alcohol …

Globally, liver disease caused by alcohol is becoming more prevalent each year. Misuse of
alcohol causes a spectrum of liver diseases, such as liver steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis …

The use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics has become an important therapy in
numerous gastrointestinal diseases in recent years. Modifying the gut microbiota, this …

Consumption of alcohol (ethanol) in various forms has been an integral part of human
civilization. Since ages, it also has been an important cause of death and health impairment …

Alcohol-associated intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial overgrowth can lead to a dysregulation
of tryptophan metabolism and lower production of indoles. Several of these indole …