Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating
back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin–Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion …

The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, an ion transport protein, is expressed in the plasma membrane
(PM) of virtually all animal cells. It extrudes Ca2+ in parallel with the PM ATP-driven Ca2+ …

Covering everything from historical and international perspectives to basic science and
current clinical practice, Miller's Anesthesia, 9th Edition, remains the preeminent reference in …

The detection and processing of painful stimuli in afferent sensory neurons is critically
dependent on a wide range of different types of voltage-and ligand-gated ion channels …

The calcium ion (Ca2+) is the simplest and most versatile intracellular messenger known.
The discovery of Ca2+ sparks and a related family of elementary Ca2+ signaling events has …

Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger used to regulate a wide range of cellular
processes. This role in signalling has to be conducted against the rigid homeostatic …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a major role in regulating synthesis, folding, and
orderly transport of proteins. It is also essentially involved in various cellular signaling …

Cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure caused by high blood pressure were studied in single
myocytes taken from hypertensive rats (Dahl SS/Jr) and SH-HF rats in heart failure. Confocal …

Local intracellular Ca2+ transients, termed Ca2+ sparks, are caused by the coordinated
opening of a cluster of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic …

In human and experimental models of heart failure, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase
(SERCA2a) activity is decreased, resulting in abnormal calcium handling. The disturbances …