The human microbiome has received decades of attention from scientific and medical
research communities. The human gastrointestinal tract is host to immense populations of …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been exacerbated by the inappropriate use of
diagnostics, leading to excessive prescription of antimicrobials, and is an imminent threat to …

Fecal microbiota transplantation has proven to be an effective treatment for infections with
the gram-positive enteropathogen Clostridium difficile. Despite its effectiveness, the exact …

Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium. The
majority of C. difficile strains produce two toxins, A and B, associated with the development …

Background Effects of antibiotics on gut bacteria have been widely studied, but very little is
known about the consequences of such treatments on the fungal microbiota (mycobiota). It is …

Fundamental restoration ecology and community ecology theories can help us better
understand the underlying mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and to …

Lactobacilli are among the most studied bacteria in the microbiome of the orodigestive and
genitourinary tracts. As probiotics, lactobacilli may provide various benefits to the host …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multi‐factorial autoimmune disorder that its causative
agents are unknown. The gut microbiota comprises of bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa …

Freshwater harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) potentially produce excessive
cyanotoxins, mainly microcystins (MCs), significantly threatening aquatic ecosystems and …

In this review, we focus on gut microbiota profiles in infants and adults colonized (CDC) or
infected (CDI) with Clostridioides difficile. After a short update on CDI epidemiology and …