Childhood socio-economic status (SES), a measure of the availability of material and social
resources, is one of the strongest predictors of lifelong well-being. Here we review evidence …

The potency of the environment to shape brain function changes dramatically across the
lifespan. Neural circuits exhibit profound plasticity during early life and are later stabilized. A …

Learning causes a change in how information is processed by neuronal circuits. Whereas
synaptic plasticity, an important cellular mechanism, has been studied in great detail, we …

Subtypes of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are constructed from
numerous subunit combinations that compose channel-receptor complexes with varied …

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate critical aspects of brain maturation
during the prenatal, early postnatal, and adolescent periods. During these developmental …

Auditory processing in the cerebral cortex is comprised of an interconnected network of
auditory and auditory-related areas distributed throughout the forebrain. The nexus of …

Acetylcholine is a ubiquitous cortical neuromodulator implicated in cognition. In order to
understand the potential for acetylcholine to play a role in visual attention, we studied …

Preclinical studies, using primarily rodent models, have shown acetylcholine to have a
critical role in brain maturation via activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), a …

Nicotine enhances attention and working memory by activating nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors (nAChRs). The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for these cognitive functions and …

Although the presence of neuromodulators in mammalian sensory systems has been noted
for some time, a groundswell of evidence has now begun to document the scope of these …