Helminth parasites infect almost one-third of the world's population, primarily in tropical
regions. However, regions where helminth parasites are endemic record much lower …

Throughout the twentieth century, there were striking increases in the incidences of many
chronic inflammatory disorders in the rich developed countries. These included autoimmune …

Schistosomes are parasitic worms that are a prime example of a complex multicellular
pathogen that flourishes in the human host despite the development of a pronounced …

The increase of allergic diseases in the industrialized world has often been explained by a
decline in infections during childhood. The immunological explanation has been put into the …

Helminth parasites infect an alarmingly large proportion of the world's population, primarily
within tropical regions, and their ability to down‐modulate host immunity is key to their …

There is increasing interest in helminth parasite modulation of the immune system, both from
the fundamental perspective of the “arms race” between host and parasite, and equally …

The importance of the microbiome to human health is increasingly recognized and has
become a major focus of recent research. However, much of the work has focused on a few …

Allergic diseases mediated by T helper type (Th) 2 cell immune responses are rising
dramatically in most developed countries. Exaggerated Th2 cell reactivity could result, for …

Worldwide, more than a billion people are infected with helminths. These worm infections
generally do not lead to mortality, however, they are chronic in nature and can lead to …

Abstract Background The Hygiene Hypothesis (HH) attributes the dramatic increase in
autoimmune and allergic diseases observed in recent decades in Western countries to the …