Drylands are home to more than 38% of the world's population and are one of the most
sensitive areas to climate change and human activities. This review describes recent …

Many studies have shown that greenhouse gas (GHG)-induced global warming may lead to
increased surface aridity and more droughts in the twenty-first century due to decreased …

We present TerraClimate, a dataset of high-spatial resolution (1/24,~ 4-km) monthly climate
and climatic water balance for global terrestrial surfaces from 1958–2015. TerraClimate …

This review surveys the basic theories, observational methods, satellite algorithms, and land
surface models for terrestrial evapotranspiration, E (or λE, ie, latent heat flux), including a …

This article reviews recent literature on drought of the last millennium, followed by an update
on global aridity changes from 1950 to 2008. Projected future aridity is presented based on …

The availability of highly accessible and reliable monthly gridded data sets of global land-
surface precipitation is a need that was already identified in the mid-1980s when there was …

Fundamental thermodynamics and climate models suggest that dry regions will become
drier and wet regions will become wetter in response to warming. Efforts to detect this long …

The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) has been widely used to study aridity changes in
modern and past climates. Efforts to address its major problems have led to new variants of …

Global maps of monthly self‐calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) have been
calculated for the period 1901–2009 based on the CRU TS 3.10. 01 data sets. This work …

• Analyses an enormous body of observations of all parts of the climate system.• Catalogues
increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases.• Assesses our understanding …