This article reviews existing clinical practices and sensor research undertaken to monitor
fetal well-being during labour. Current clinical practices that include fetal heart rate …

Contractions are produced through a complex interplay of hormonal, mechanical, and
electrical factors. In labor, contractions are measured using the Montevideo unit. Clinical …

Background Intrapartum cardiotocographic monitoring of fetal heart rate by abdominal
external ultrasound transducer without simultaneous maternal heart rate recording has been …

Fetal monitoring is important to diagnose complications that can occur during pregnancy. If
detected timely, these complications might be resolved before they lead to irreversible …

Introduction Doppler ultrasound cardiotocography is a non‐invasive alternative that, despite
its poor specificity, is often first choice for intrapartum monitoring. Doppler ultrasound suffers …

Purpose Fetal well-being is usually assessed via fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring during the
antepartum period. However, the interpretation of FHR is a complex and subjective process …

Objectives: Review specific fetal heart tracings associated with a certain pathology. Describe
the fetal heart patterns on the tracing. Identify the pathophysiology of fetal heart tracings …

Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy is a common occurrence, affecting up to 10% of women by
the time of birth. These recommendations aim to provide pragmatic guidance on the …

Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is widely used for assessment of intrapartum fetal status
and has become integral to labor management. More than 80% of laboring patients in the …

Purpose A growing number of fetal procedures are performed at specialized fetal care
centers for congenital problems that classically would have poor outcomes despite …