Abstract Purpose of Review The response to natural stressors involves both cardiac
stimulation and vascular changes, primarily triggered by increases in sympathetic activity …

Evidence shows that stress can promote the occurrence and development of tumors. In
recent years, many studies have shown that stress-related hormones or peripheral …

The size of our pupils changes continuously in response to variations in ambient light levels,
a process known as the pupillary light reflex (PLR). The PLR is not a simple reflex as its …

Blood pressure is controlled by endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses that
maintain blood volume and perfusion pressure at levels optimal for survival. Although it is …

The dorsomedial hypothalamus nucleus (DMH) is an important component of the autonomic
nervous system and plays a critical role in regulating the sympathetic outputs of the heart …

Precise assessment of wakefulness states during sevoflurane anesthesia and timely arousal
are of paramount importance to refine the control of anesthesia. To tackle this issue, a …

Purpose Mental stress is of essential consideration when assessing cardiovascular
pathophysiology in all patient populations. Substantial evidence indicates associations …

Background and purpose Damage to the insula results in cardiovascular complications. In
rats, activation of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the intermediate region of …

The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) in amongst the most important brain structures
involved in the regulation of feeding behaviour and metabolism. In contrast to other …

The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) receives dense orexinergic innervation. Intra-DMH
application of orexins increases arterial pressure and heart rate in rats. We studied the …