Chromium (Cr) is a naturally occurring metallic element found in the Earth's crust. While
trivalent chromium ([Cr (III)] is considered non-carcinogenic, hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] …

Genomic instability consists of a range of genetic alterations within the genome that
contributes to tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. It is a well-established characteristic …

Carcinogenic metals affect a variety of cellular processes, causing oxidative stress and
cancer. The widespread distribution of these metals caused by industrial, residential …

The comet assay is a versatile, reliable, cost-efficient, and fast technique for detecting DNA
damage and repair in any tissue. It is useable in almost any cell type and applicable to both …

Simple Summary Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals are risk factors
for cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms of how heavy metals induce …

To examine the mechanism of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)]-induced carcinogenesis, a
cross-sectional study in workers with or without exposure to Cr (VI) as well as in vitro …

A number of human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have presented data on exposure to
hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] and cadmium (Cd), but comparatively few include results on …

DNA damage response (DDR) is a regulatory system responsible for maintaining genome
integrity and stability, which can sense and transduce DNA damage signals. The severity of …

Abstract Hexavalent chromium [Cr (Ⅵ)] has extensive applications in industries, and long-
term occupational exposure to Cr (Ⅵ) may lead to lung carcinoma and other cancers. While …

Human exposure to environmental toxicants with diverse mechanisms of action is a growing
concern. In addition to well-recognized carcinogens, various chemicals in environmental …