Drug delivery through the skin offers many advantages such as avoidance of hepatic first-
pass metabolism, maintenance of steady plasma concentration, safety, and compliance over …

Transdermal microneedle (MN) patches are a promising tool used to transport a wide variety
of active compounds into the skin. To serve as a substitute for common hypodermic needles …

Background Transdermal delivery has the advantage of bypassing the first-pass effect and
allowing sustained release of the drug. However, the drug delivery is limited owing to the …

Global increasing demand for high life quality and length facilitates the development of
tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, which apply multidisciplinary theories and …

Vaccination is an essential public health measure for infectious disease prevention. The
exposure of the immune system to vaccine formulations with the appropriate kinetics is …

Biologics—medications derived from a biological source—are increasingly used as
pharmaceuticals, for example, as vaccines. Biologics are usually produced in bacterial …

The development of microneedles (MNs) assisted drug delivery technologies have been
highly active for more than two decades. The minimally invasive and self-administered MN …

The use of systemic anticancer chemotherapy is intrinsically limited by its toxicity. Whether
dealing with small molecules or biopharmaceuticals, after systemic administration, small …

Immunotherapy has recently garnered plenty of attention to improve the clinical outcomes in
the treatment of various diseases. However, owing to the dynamic nature of the immune …

Transdermal drug delivery offers a number of advantages for the patient, due not only its non-
invasive and convenient nature, but also factors such as avoidance of first pass metabolism …