Most evidence indicates that, as for family CG protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), family A
GPCRs form homo-and heteromers. Homodimers seem to be a predominant species, with …

Protease signaling in cells elicits multiple physiologically important responses via protease-
activated receptors (PARs). There are 4 members of this family of G-protein–coupled …

Two concepts are gaining increasing acceptance in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)
pharmacology:(i) pre-coupling of GPCRs with their preferred signaling molecules, and (ii) …

The sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a 223-amino-acid membrane protein that resides in the
endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane of some mammalian cells. The S1R is …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a family of membrane receptors that regulate
physiology and pathology of various organs. Consequently, about 40% of drugs in the …

Adenosine is one of the most ancient signaling molecules and has receptors in both animals
and plants. In mammals there are four specific receptors, A 1, A 2A, A 2B, and A 3, which …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which constitute the largest family of cell surface
receptors, were originally thought to function as monomers, but are now recognized as …

Thrombin is a potent platelet agonist that activates platelets and other cells of the
cardiovascular system by cleaving its G-protein-coupled receptors, protease-activated …

FRET is an indispensable experimental tool for studying membrane proteins. Currently, two
models are available for researchers to determine the oligomerization state of membrane …

Membrane proteins mediate a number of cellular functions and are associated with several
diseases and also play a crucial role in pathogenicity. Due to their importance in cellular …