Silencing and transcriptional regulation of endogenous retroviruses: an overview

FK Geis, SP Goff - Viruses, 2020 - mdpi.com
Almost half of the human genome is made up of transposable elements (TEs), and about 8%
consists of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). ERVs are remnants of ancient exogenous …

Transposable elements, inflammation, and neurological disease

A Saleh, A Macia, AR Muotri - Frontiers in neurology, 2019 - frontiersin.org
Transposable Elements (TE) are mobile DNA elements that can replicate and insert
themselves into different locations within the host genome. Their propensity to self …

The Sequence Read Archive: a decade more of explosive growth

K Katz, O Shutov, R Lapoint, M Kimelman… - Nucleic acids …, 2022 - academic.oup.com
Abstract The Sequence Read Archive (SRA, https://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/sra/) stores raw
sequencing data and alignment information to enhance reproducibility and facilitate new …

The landscape of viral associations in human cancers

M Zapatka, I Borozan, DS Brewer, M Iskar… - Nature …, 2020 - nature.com
Here, as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, for
which whole-genome and—for a subset—whole-transcriptome sequencing data from 2,658 …

Inhibiting DNA methylation causes an interferon response in cancer via dsRNA including endogenous retroviruses

KB Chiappinelli, PL Strissel, A Desrichard, H Li… - Cell, 2015 - cell.com
We show that DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) upregulate immune signaling in
cancer through the viral defense pathway. In ovarian cancer (OC), DNMTis trigger cytosolic …

Defective HIV-1 proviruses produce viral proteins

H Imamichi, M Smith, JW Adelsberger… - Proceedings of the …, 2020 - National Acad Sciences
HIV-1 proviruses persist in the CD4+ T cells of HIV-infected individuals despite years of
combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with suppression of HIV-1 RNA levels< 40 …

Trex1 prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity

DB Stetson, JS Ko, T Heidmann, R Medzhitov - Cell, 2008 - cell.com
Detection of nucleic acids and induction of type I interferons (IFNs) are principal elements of
antiviral defense but can cause autoimmunity if misregulated. Cytosolic DNA detection …

Widespread expression of the ancient HERV-K (HML-2) provirus group in normal human tissues

A Burn, F Roy, M Freeman, JM Coffin - PLoS Biology, 2022 - journals.plos.org
Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) transcripts are known to be highly expressed in
cancers, yet their activity in nondiseased tissue is largely unknown. Using the GTEx RNA …

STING, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria: is three a crowd or a conversation?

JA Smith - Frontiers in immunology, 2021 - frontiersin.org
The anti-viral pattern recognition receptor STING and its partnering cytosolic DNA sensor
cGAS have been increasingly recognized to respond to self DNA in multiple pathologic …

Endogenous retroviruses as modulators of innate immunity

E Russ, S Iordanskiy - Pathogens, 2023 - mdpi.com
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), or LTR retrotransposons, are a class of transposable
elements that are highly represented in mammalian genomes. Human ERVs (HERVs) make …