[HTML][HTML] Causes and consequences of snake venom variation

NR Casewell, TNW Jackson, AH Laustsen… - Trends in …, 2020 - cell.com
Snake venoms are mixtures of toxins that vary extensively between and within snake
species. This variability has serious consequences for the management of the world's 1.8 …

[HTML][HTML] The diversity of venom: the importance of behavior and venom system morphology in understanding its ecology and evolution

V Schendel, LD Rash, RA Jenner, EAB Undheim - Toxins, 2019 - mdpi.com
Venoms are one of the most convergent of animal traits known, and encompass a much
greater taxonomic and functional diversity than is commonly appreciated. This knowledge …

[HTML][HTML] Single-cell transcriptomics identifies conserved regulators of neuroglandular lineages

J Steger, AG Cole, A Denner, T Lebedeva… - Cell Reports, 2022 - cell.com
Communication in bilaterian nervous systems is mediated by electrical and secreted signals;
however, the evolutionary origin and relation of neurons to other secretory cell types has not …

[HTML][HTML] Micro and macroevolution of sea anemone venom phenotype

EG Smith, JM Surm, J Macrander, A Simhi… - Nature …, 2023 - nature.com
Venom is a complex trait with substantial inter-and intraspecific variability resulting from
strong selective pressures acting on the expression of many toxic proteins. However …

Venom systems as models for studying the origin and regulation of evolutionary novelties

G Zancolli, NR Casewell - Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2020 - academic.oup.com
A central goal in biology is to determine the ways in which evolution repeats itself. One of the
most remarkable examples in nature of convergent evolutionary novelty is animal venom …

[HTML][HTML] Sea anemone toxins: A structural overview

B Madio, GF King, EAB Undheim - Marine drugs, 2019 - mdpi.com
Sea anemones produce venoms of exceptional molecular diversity, with at least 17 different
molecular scaffolds reported to date. These venom components have traditionally been …

Venoms for all occasions: the functional toxin profiles of different anatomical regions in sea anemones are related to their ecological function

LM Ashwood, EAB Undheim, B Madio… - Molecular …, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
The phylum Cnidaria is the oldest extant venomous group and is defined by the presence of
nematocysts, specialized organelles responsible for venom production and delivery …

[HTML][HTML] Cell type-specific expression profiling unravels the development and evolution of stinging cells in sea anemone

K Sunagar, YY Columbus-Shenkar, A Fridrich… - BMC biology, 2018 - Springer
Background Cnidocytes are specialized cells that define the phylum Cnidaria. They possess
an “explosive” organelle called cnidocyst that is important for prey capture and anti-predator …

Sea anemone venom: Ecological interactions and bioactive potential

C Menezes, NL Thakur - Toxicon, 2022 - Elsevier
This article provides a brief overview of the literature related to the chemical ecology of sea
anemones, focusing on their venom, and summarizing their bioprospecting potential. Sea …

Venom trade-off shapes interspecific interactions, physiology, and reproduction

JM Surm, S Birch, J Macrander, A Jaimes-Becerra… - Science …, 2024 - science.org
The ability of an animal to effectively capture prey and defend against predators is pivotal for
survival. Venom is often a mixture of many components including toxin proteins that shape …