For almost three decades following the discovery of the human Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) the
early events of virus infection (attachment to hepatocytes, specific binding to a receptor on …

Going back to their discovery in the early 1980s, both the Human T-cell Leukemia virus type-
1 (HTLV-1) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) greatly fascinated the …

During HIV infection, cell-to-cell transmission results in endosomal uptake of the virus by
target CD4+ T cells and potential exposure of the viral ssRNA genome to endosomal Toll …

So far, only two retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(type 1 and 2) and human
T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), have been recognized as pathogenic for humans …

Natural selection acts on cellular organisms by ensuring the genes responsible for an
advantageous phenotype consistently reap the phenotypic advantage. This is possible …

HIV-1 spreads through both the release of cell-free particles and by cell-to-cell transmission.
Mounting evidence indicates that cell-to-cell transmission is more efficient than cell-free …

ABSTRACT HIV can infect cells via virus-to-cell infection or cell-to-cell viral transmission.
These two infection modes may occur in a synergistic way and facilitate viral spread within …

Pathogens face varying microenvironments in vivo, but suitable experimental systems and
analysis tools to dissect how three-dimensional (3D) tissue environments impact pathogen …

The way in which a viral infection spreads within a host is a complex process that is not well
understood. Different viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis C …

The visualization of cellular ultrastructure over a wide range of volumes is becoming
possible by increasingly powerful techniques grouped under the rubric “volume electron …