In many asthmatics, chronic airway inflammation is driven by IL-4-, IL-5-, and IL-13-
producing Th2 cells or ILC2s. Type 2 cytokines promote hallmark features of the disease …

More than a decade ago, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were discovered to be
members of a family of innate immune cells consisting of five subsets that form a first line of …

Lipid droplets are dynamic intracellular lipid storage organelles that respond to the
physiological state of cells. In addition to controlling cell metabolism, they play a protective …

Nutrition affects all physiological processes including those linked to the development and
function of our immune system. Here, we discuss recent evidence and emerging concepts …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with gut microbiota
disequilibrium and regulatory T (Treg)/T helper 17 (Th17) immune imbalance. Stigmasterol …

Lipid droplets (LDs) contribute to key pathways important for the physiology and
pathophysiology of cells. In a homeostatic view, LDs regulate the storage of neutral lipids …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are guardians of mucosal immunity, yet the transcriptional
networks that support their function remain poorly understood. We used inducible …

Metabolic regulation is integral to the proper functioning of innate lymphoid cells, yet the
underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that disruption of exogenous proline …

Effector, memory and exhaustion are three phenotypes of CD8+ T cell. In tumor
microenvironment (TME), metabolism dysfunction of the three should take the blame for …

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a critical role in protection against helminths and
in diverse inflammatory diseases by responding to soluble factors such as the alarmin IL-33 …