Integrative structure determination is a powerful approach to modeling the structures of
biological systems based on data produced by multiple experimental and theoretical …

Ion mobility spectrometry is an analytical technique known for more than 100 years, which
entails separating ions in the gas phase based on their size, shape, and charge. While ion …

INTRODUCTION Circadian clocks provide an internal representation of local time inside
cells and control the timing of gene expression in anticipation of sunrise and sunset. In …

Life on earth is subject to daily and predictable fluctuations in light intensity, temperature,
and humidity created by rotation of the earth. Circadian rhythms, generated by a circadian …

Circadian clocks are ubiquitous timing systems that induce rhythms of biological activities in
synchrony with night and day. In cyanobacteria, timing is generated by a posttranslational …

Organisms are adapted to the relentless cycles of day and night, because they evolved
timekeeping systems called circadian clocks, which regulate biological activities with~ 24 …

Structures of biomolecular systems are increasingly computed by integrative modeling that
relies on varied types of experimental data and theoretical information. We describe here the …

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) detected by mass spectrometry (MS) is extraordinarily
useful in the study of many aspects of proteins, especially the analysis of protein …

Cyanobacteria have a robust circadian oscillator, known as the Kai system. Reconstituted
from the purified protein components KaiC, KaiB, and KaiA, it can tick autonomously in the …

Highlights•Introductory bases and equations of HDX-MS.•Protein dynamics explored by
HDX-MS.•Representative case studies that measured by HDX-MS.•Future directions of HDX …