Climate change introduces substantial uncertainty to water resources planning and raises
the key question: when, or under what conditions, should adaptation occur? A number of …

Members in ensemble forecasts differ due to the representations of initial uncertainties and
model uncertainties. The inclusion of stochastic schemes to represent model uncertainties …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

The Earth System Model EC-Earth3 for contributions to CMIP6 is documented here, with its
flexible coupling framework, major model configurations, a methodology for ensuring the …

Statistical downscaling and bias correction are becoming standard tools in climate impact
studies. This book provides a comprehensive reference to widely-used approaches, and …

Robust projections and predictions of climate variability and change, particularly at regional
scales, rely on the driving processes being represented with fidelity in model simulations …

Biases in climate model simulations introduce biases in subsequent impact simulations.
Therefore, bias correction methods are operationally used to post-process regional climate …

Stochastic parameterizations account for uncertainty in the representation of unresolved
subgrid processes by sampling from the distribution of possible subgrid forcings. Some …

This paper presents atmosphere-only and coupled climate model configurations of the
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecasting System …

The enhancement of warming rates with elevation, so-called elevation-dependent warming
(EDW), is one of the regional, still not completely understood, expressions of global …