The immune system plays a pivotal role in the initiation, development and resolution of
inflammation following insult or damage to organs. The heart is a vital organ which supplies …

Heart failure is a consequence of various cardiovascular diseases and associated with poor
prognosis. Despite progress in the treatment of heart failure in the past decades, prevalence …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a critical regulator of blood volume,
electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance. While the baroreceptor reflex …

Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, we highlight the most important cellular and
molecular mechanisms that contribute to cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. We also discuss …

Wound healing is an intricate, tightly regulated process that is critical to maintaining the
barrier function of skin along with preserving all other skin functions. This process can be …

Experimental research has recognized the importance of cardiac fibroblast and
myofibroblast cells in heart repair and function. In a normal healthy heart, the cardiac …

Fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components such as
collagen in tissues or organs. Fibrosis can develop in the heart, kidneys, liver, skin or any …

Although angiotensin II (AngII) is known to cause renal injury and fibrosis, the underlying
mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here we show that hypertensive nephropathy …

Retrospective analyses and single-center prospective studies identify chronic metabolic
acidosis as an independent and modifiable risk factor for progression of CKD. In patients …

Abstract Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is a multifunctional transmembrane
protein recently recognised as the entry receptor of the virus causing COVID-19. In the renin …