When a phenological shift affects a demographic vital rate such as survival or reproduction,
the altered vital rate may or may not have population-level consequences. We review the …

Variability in the environment defines the structure and dynamics of all living systems, from
organisms to ecosystems. Species have evolved traits and strategies that allow them to …

Today's scientists are facing the enormous challenge of predicting how climate change will
affect species distributions and species assemblages. To do so, ecologists are widely using …

Climate influences a population through a variety of processes, including reproduction,
growth, migration patterns and phenology. Climate may operate either directly through …

Economic production and, more generally, most global societies, are overwhelmingly
dependant upon depleting supplies of fossil fuels. There is considerable concern amongst …

Timing of reproduction has major fitness consequences, which can only be understood
when the phenology of the food for the offspring is quantified. For insectivorous birds, like …

The role of energy in ecological processes has hitherto been considered primarily from the
standpoint that energy supply is limited. That is, traditional resource‐based ecological and …

Population ecology has matured to a sophisticated science with astonishing potential for
contributing solutions to wildlife conservation and management challenges. And yet, much …

To date, all altered patterns of seasonal interactions observed in insects, birds, amphibians,
and plants associated with global warming during the latter half of the 20th century are …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the potential consequences of mistiming and
identifies a number of ways in which either individual birds or bird populations potentially …