The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to the
regulation of host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting …

Probiotics have been used to treat a variety of diseases for decades; however, what is the
rationale for their application? Such a treatment was first proposed in the early nineteenth …

The 2017 annual symposium organized by the University Medical Center Groningen in The
Netherlands focused on the role of the gut microbiome in human health and disease …

The gut microbiota comprises a complex community of microorganism species that resides
in our gastrointestinal ecosystem and whose alterations influence not only various gut …

The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen
through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA …

An expert panel was convened in October 2013 by the International Scientific Association for
Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to discuss the field of probiotics. It is now 13 years since …

Endogenous tryptophan (Trp) metabolites have an important role in mammalian gut immune
homeostasis, yet the potential contribution of Trp metabolites from resident microbiota has …

There is now strong evidence from animal studies that gut microorganism can activate the
vagus nerve and that such activation plays a critical role in mediating effects on the brain …

Recent explorations of the human gut microbiota suggest that perturbations of microbial
communities may increase predisposition to different disease phenotypes. Dietary nutrients …

Highlights•Various probiotic effector molecules have been identified that mediate specific
aspects of probiotic modes of action.•Genome editing and related molecular approaches are …