SARS-CoV-2 infections manifest with a broad spectrum of presentations, ranging from
asymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia and fatal outcomes. This review centers on …

The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infections at a global level reflects the repeated emergence
of variant strains encoding unique constellations of mutations. These variants have been …

Studies during the COVID-19 pandemic showed that children had heightened nasal innate
immune responses compared with adults. To evaluate the role of nasal viruses and bacteria …

The development of the human immune system lasts for several years after birth. The impact
of this maturation phase on the quality of adaptive immunity and the acquisition of …

Apart from the skin and mucosal immune barrier, the first line of defense of the human
immune system includes MDA5 (ifih1 gene) which acts as a cellular sensor protein for …

The host immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
includes the induction of a group of natural antiviral cytokines called interferons (IFNs) …

Evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection increases the risk of type 1 (T1D) and type 2
diabetes (T2D). Diabetes, in turn, increases COVID-19 susceptibility and contributes to …

Plasma cells that emerge after infection or vaccination exhibit heterogeneous lifespans;
most survive for days to months, whereas others persist for decades, providing antigen …

In the post-pandemic era, interest in on-site technologies capable of rapidly and accurately
diagnosing viral or bacterial pathogens has significantly increased. Advances in functional …

Background Hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2, resulting from both vaccination and natural
infection, remains insufficiently understood in paediatric populations, despite increasing …