Living biological systems, ranging from single cells to whole organisms, can sense, process
information, and actuate in response to changing environmental conditions. Inspired by …

The formation of multicellular microbial communities, called biofilms, starts from the
adhesion of a few planktonic cells to the surface. The transition from a free-living planktonic …

Soils contain a tangle of minerals, water, nutrients, gases, plant roots, decaying organic
matter, and microorganisms which work together to cycle nutrients and support terrestrial …

Nanofabrication has been utilized to manufacture one-, two-, and three-dimensional
functional nanostructures for applications such as electronics, sensors, and photonic …

Electron transfer between microorganisms and an electrode—even across long distances—
enables the former to live by coupling to an electronic circuit. Such a system integrates …

Submillimeter-scale domains offer wide-ranging benefits for chemical and biological fields,
which have motivated researchers to develop a diversity of strategies for manufacturing …

Droplet microfluidics has rapidly emerged as one of the key technologies opening up new
experimental possibilities in microbiology. The ability to generate, manipulate and monitor …

The attachment of single-celled organisms, namely bacteria and fungi, to abiotic surfaces is
of great interest to both the scientific and medical communities. This is because the …

The miniaturization of integrated fluidic processors affords extensive benefits for chemical
and biological fields, yet traditional, monolithic methods of microfabrication present …

Remarkable technological advances have revealed ever more properties and behaviours of
individual microorganisms, but the novel data generated by these techniques have not yet …