Although Escherichia coli can be an innocuous resident of the gastrointestinal tract, it also
has the pathogenic capacity to cause significant diarrheal and extraintestinal diseases …

Twenty years ago, the publication of the first bacterial genome sequence, from Haemophilus
influenzae, shook the world of bacteriology. In this Timeline, we review the first two decades …

Phages and plasmids are regarded as distinct types of mobile genetic elements that drive
bacterial evolution by horizontal gene transfer. However, the distinction between both types …

Escherichia coli is a remarkable and diverse organism. This normally harmless commensal
needs only to acquire a combination of mobile genetic elements to become a highly adapted …

Whole-genome sequencing has been skewed toward bacterial pathogens as a
consequence of the prioritization of medical and veterinary diseases. However, it is …

Enteric Escherichia coli (E. coli) are both natural flora of humans and important pathogens
causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditionally enteric E. coli have been …

Although nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS; including Salmonella Typhimurium) mainly cause
gastroenteritis, typhoidal serovars (Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A) cause …

Escherichia coli O157: H7 and other Verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) are zoonotic
pathogens associated with food and waterborne illness around the world. E. coli O157: H7 …

The involvement of the pathogenic Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC; also
called verocytotoxic-producing E. coli or VTEC) in sporadic cases and disease outbreaks is …

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli are diarrheagenic
bacterial human pathogens that cause severe gastroenteritis. These enteric pathotypes …