Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder that affects an
estimated 10 million sufferers worldwide. The two forms of PD include familial and sporadic …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by alpha-synucleinopathy that affects all levels of
the brain-gut axis including the central, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Recently, it …

Background Long-term exposure to fine particles (particulate matter≤ 2.5 μm; PM2. 5) has
been consistently linked to heart and lung disease. Recently, there has been increased …

Methods We used Canadian and American national guidelines to inform this review, in
addition to published systematic reviews that were known to us. We identified additional …

Importance The development of Parkinson disease (PD) may be promoted by exposure to
air pollution. Objective To investigate the potential association between exposure to …

Accumulating evidence suggests that outdoor air pollution may have a significant impact on
central nervous system (CNS) health and disease. To address this issue, the National …

Advances in medical management of Parkinson's disease (PD) have resulted in living
longer with disability. Although disability worsens over the course of the disease, there are …

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects millions around the world. The Braak hypothesis proposes
that in PD a pathologic agent may penetrate the nervous system via the olfactory bulb, gut …

There are currently various concerns regarding certain environmental toxins and the
possible impact they can have on developmental diseases. Glyphosate (Gly) is the most …

Manganese (Mn) is an often overlooked but important nutrient, required in small amounts for
multiple essential functions in the body. A recent study on cows fed genetically modified …