Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global
warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)—discrete periods of anomalously warm …

Heatwaves constitute a major threat to human health and ecosystems. Projected increases
in heatwave frequency and severity thus lead to the need for prediction to enhance …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves
(MHWs) and mass mortality events (MMEs) of marine organisms are one of their main …

Heat waves (HWs) can cause large socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The
observed increases in their frequency, intensity and duration are projected to continue with …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs)—periods of exceptionally warm ocean temperature lasting
weeks to years—are now widely recognized for their capacity to disrupt marine ecosystems …

BACKGROUND Anthropogenic climate change is altering the structure and functioning of
ecosystems globally. The upper layers of the oceans have absorbed> 90% of the excess …

Ocean temperature variability is a fundamental component of the Earth's climate system, and
extremes in this variability affect the health of marine ecosystems around the world. The …

The ocean is warming, losing oxygen and being acidified, primarily as a result of
anthropogenic carbon emissions. With ocean warming, acidification and deoxygenation …

Anthropogenic climate change is projected to lead to ocean warming, acidification,
deoxygenation, reductions in near-surface nutrients, and changes to primary production, all …