Spinal dysraphisms (SDs) are congenital malformations of the spinal cord, determined by
derangement in the complex cascade of embryologic events involved in spinal …

Objectives: Identify the etiology of an encephalocele. Review the appropriate evaluation of
an encephalocele. Outline the management options available for an encephalocele …

Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been at its
peak for the past 8 months and has affected more than 215 countries around the world. India …

A deficiency in B-vitamins is known to lead to persistent developmental defects in various
organs during early life. The nervous system is particularly affected with functional …

Background Neural tube defects are common group of central nervous system anomalies of
complex etiology and major public health importance worldwide. The occurrence of multiple …

Introduction: Open spina bifida (OSB) is the most common congenital anomaly of the central
nervous system. It is associated with severe neurodevelopmental delay, motor impairment …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) represent the second most common cause of congenital
malformations in the children. Aim of the work is the development of a shape memory …

Introduction: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a malformation resulting from the neural tube's
failure to close during embryonic development, and the majority of the cases of neural tube …

Introduction Torsion of a giant occipital encephalocele leading to necrosis is an extremely
rare complication found in neonates with only two such cases reported in literature …

Congenital encephaloceles occur when intracranial contents herniate through a bony defect
in the skull base. Encephaloceles are rare, and anterior encephaloceles, which include …