Brine is a saline water present in the natural environment and produced by desalination and
other process industries such as the oil & gas, textile, leather, food, dairy, agriculture, and …

Disposal of treated effluents in water bodies or centralized effluent treatment plants may
serve an immediate purpose of wastewater remediation, but this does not curtail the fate of …

The sustainability performance of the desalination processes has received increasing
attention in recent years. In this study, the current progress and future perspective of a life …

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been developed to assess the possible environmental
impact of a system over its life cycle. As LCA provides information on how to create a more …

Groundwater is an important water resource that accounts for 30% of the world's freshwater.
97% of this extracted groundwater is for drinking and human use. Due to anthropogenic …

Desalination brine is extremely concentrated saline water; it contains various salts, nutrients,
heavy metals, organic contaminants, and microbial contaminants. Conventional disposal of …

Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane-based desalination system with various configurations
has emerged as a critical option for reclaiming brackish water. This study aims to evaluate …

The use of treated effluent as a sustainable, reliable, and accessible source of water supply
is a critical factor influencing water use in industrial sectors like petroleum refineries. The …

Coking wastewater is typical industrial wastewater produced in the process of coal coking.
The notion of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) presents a paradigm aimed at mitigating waste …

The increase in worldwide energy demand continues to highlight the dependency on the
petroleum industry albeit recent advances and market penetration of renewable …