The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a widespread neuromodulatory system that plays
important roles in central nervous system development, synaptic plasticity, and the response …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with the characteristics of
neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and senile plaque (SP) formation. Although great progresses …

The CB 2 receptor is the peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. It is mainly expressed in
immune tissues, highlighting the possibility that the endocannabinoid system has an …

Macrophages are important players in the fight against viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic
infections. From a resting state they may undertake two activation pathways, the classical …

Summary Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its sibling, cannabidiol (CBD), are produced
by the same Cannabis plant and have similar chemical structures but differ dramatically in …

Background: Numerous physical, psychological, and emotional benefits have been
attributed to marijuana since its first reported use in 2,600 BC in a Chinese pharmacopoeia …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized
neuropathologically by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, intracellular …

Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. These cells of
mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions of the central nervous system …

Microglia are key to maintaining the homeostasis of the brain. These immune cells of the
brain can be our biggest ally in fighting infections, but can worsen pathology or hinder …

Epilepsy is broadly characterized by aberrant neuronal excitability. Glutamate is the
predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain; thus, much of past …