Interest in snus (Swedish-type moist snuff) as a smoking alternative has increased. This
wide-ranging review summarizes evidence relating snus to health and to initiation and …

Background Optimal risk adjustment is a requisite precondition for monitoring quality of care
and interpreting public reports of hospital outcomes. Current risk-adjustment measures have …

Background Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common after laparoscopic
sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), affecting patient satisfaction and postoperative recovery. The …

Purpose This study was to identify factors affecting postoperative nausea and vomiting
(PONV) and to investigate the incidence of PONV for the first 24 hours after operation …

Background Acute pain frequently occurs after surgical procedures. Nicotine has been
explored as an adjunctive medication for management of postoperative pain. Objectives To …

Aim Severe pain in the immediate postoperative period can negatively affect patients' quality
of recovery, prolong hospital stay, and increase the risk of developing persistent pain. This …

Objectives: Although nicotine has an analgesic effect, the incidence and severity of chronic
pain is higher in smokers than nonsmokers. Acute pain is more intense in smokers during …

Objective: To investigate the effect of smoking cessation before surgery on postoperative
pain and analgesic consumption after thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer in …

BACKGROUND Chemoradiotherapy has become the standard of care for head and neck
squamous cell carcinoma; however, those patients often experience multiple treatment …

The CYP2D6 gene encodes for an enzyme that is involved in the metabolism of more than
25% of all medications, including many opioids and antiemetics. It may contribute to the risk …