The locus coeruleus (LC), or 'blue spot', is a small nucleus located deep in the brainstem
that provides the far-reaching noradrenergic neurotransmitter system of the brain. This …

The dentate gyrus (DG) has a key role in hippocampal memory formation. Intriguingly, DG
lesions impair many, but not all, hippocampus-dependent mnemonic functions, indicating …

Dopamine (DA) is a key neurotransmitter involved in multiple physiological functions
including motor control, modulation of affective and emotional states, reward mechanisms …

The consolidation of spatial memory depends on the reactivation ('replay') of hippocampal
place cells that were active during recent behaviour. Such reactivation is observed during …

Noradrenaline released from the locus coeruleus (LC) is a ubiquitous neuromodulator,,–that
has been linked to multiple functions including arousal,,–, action and sensory gain,–, and …

An organism's survival can depend on its ability to recall and navigate to spatial locations
associated with rewards, such as food or a home. Accumulating research has revealed that …

Events associated with aversive or rewarding outcomes are prioritized in memory. This
memory boost is commonly attributed to the elicited affective response, closely linked to …

Adaptation to the ever-changing world is critical for survival, and our brains are particularly
tuned to remember events that differ from previous experiences. Novel experiences induce …

Memory is essential in defining our identity by guiding behavior based on past experiences.
However, aging leads to declining memory, disrupting older adult's lives. Memories are …

The locus coeruleus (LC), a small brainstem nucleus, is the primary source of the
neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) in the brain. The LC receives input from widespread …