The Child–Langmuir Law (CL), discovered a century ago, gives the maximum current that
can be transported across a planar diode in the steady state. As a quintessential example of …

Paschen's law (PL), derived based on the Townsend avalanche (TA) condition, is commonly
used to predict gas breakdown. For microscale gaps near atmospheric pressure, TA is …

Dielectrics in Electric Fields explores the influence of electric fields on dielectric—ie, non-
conducting or insulating—materials, examining the distinctive behaviors of these materials …

Homeland security and military defense technology considerations have stimulated intense
interest in mobile, high power sources of millimeter-wave (mmw) to terahertz (THz) regime …

As electron emission devices continue to push technological limits of device size, electric
field, and temperature, characterization of device limitations due to thermionic (TE), field …

While experiment, simulation, and theory all show that the gas breakdown voltage
decreases linearly with gap distance for microscale gaps at atmospheric pressure due to the …

The effects of field emission on direct current breakdown in microscale gaps filled with an
ambient neutral gas are studied numerically and analytically. Fundamental numerical …

Space-charge-limited current (SCLC) remains a critical issue across material phases
(vacuum, gas, liquids, and solids) and timescales. The solution for one-dimensional (1D) …

Numerous applications such as micro-and nanoelectromechanical systems, microplasmas,
and directed energy increasingly drive device miniaturization to nanoscale and from vacuum …

Vertically aligned single crystalline ZnO nanorods arrays were grown on a silicon substrate
in a CVD reactor using Au as a catalyst. The CVD parameters such as substrate …