The extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (Ex‐UTLS) is a transition region
between the stratosphere and the troposphere. The Ex‐UTLS includes the tropopause, a …

Tropical climate and the composition of the global upper atmosphere are affected by the
tropical tropopause layer—the atmospheric transition zone between the well-mixed …

Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

Prognostic precipitation is added to a cloud microphysical scheme for global climate models.
Results indicate very similar performance to other commonly used mesoscale schemes in …

We show here that stratospheric water vapor variations play an important role in the
evolution of our climate. This comes from analysis of observations showing that stratospheric …

Using NASA's A‐Train satellite measurements, we evaluate the accuracy of cloud water
content (CWC) and water vapor mixing ratio (H2O) outputs from 19 climate models …

The upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) region plays an important role in the
climate system. Changes in the structure and chemical composition of this region result in …

Water vapor is a greenhouse gas that dominates Earth's terrestrial radiation absorption. As
the planetary temperature warms, forced by increasing CO 2 and other greenhouse gases …

The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is the transition region between the well-mixed
convective troposphere and the radiatively controlled stratosphere with air masses showing …

Stratospheric water vapour is a powerful greenhouse gas. The longest available record from
balloon observations over Boulder, Colorado, USA shows increases in stratospheric water …