Bacteria power their energy metabolism using membrane-bound respiratory enzymes that
capture chemical energy and transduce it by pumping protons or Na+ ions across their cell …

Dissimilatory sulphate reduction is the unifying and defining trait of sulphate-reducing
prokaryotes (SRP). In their predominant habitats, sulphate-rich marine sediments, SRP have …

Quinones, which are ubiquitous in nature, can act as sustainable and green electrode
materials but face dissolution in organic electrolytes, resulting in fast fading of capacity and …

Biological energy conversion is driven by efficient enzymes that capture, store and transfer
protons and electrons across large distances. Recent advances in structural biology have …

Background The transformation of plant photosynthate into soil organic carbon and its
recycling to CO 2 by soil microorganisms is one of the central components of the terrestrial …

In the respiratory chain, NADH oxidation is coupled to ion translocation across the
membrane to build up an electrochemical gradient. In the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae …

Different from the contrary‐old alkaline Zn‐based batteries, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries
(ZIBs) refer to a series of safe, long‐life and low‐cost secondary batteries with divalent Zn2+ …

The Rnf complex is a respiratory enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin
to the reduction of NAD+, and the negative free energy change of this reaction is used to …

Anaerobic bacteria ferment carbohydrates and amino acids to obtain energy for growth. Due
to the absence of oxygen and other inorganic electron acceptors, the substrate of a …

Various microbial metabolisms use H+/Na+-translocating ferredoxin: NAD+ reductase (Rnf)
either to exergonically oxidize reduced ferredoxin by NAD+ for generating a transmembrane …