Probiotics have been considered as an economical and safe alternative for the treatment of
a large number of chronic diseases and improvement of human health. They are known to …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) develop via convergence of environmental, microbial,
immunological, and genetic factors. Alterations in the gut microbiota have been associated …

We draw on genetics research to argue that complex psychological phenomena are most
likely determined by a multitude of causes and that any individual cause is likely to have …

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease that is increasing in prevalence
worldwide. CD is multifactorial, involving the complex interplay of genetic, immune, and …

The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that have co-evolved
with the host in a symbiotic relationship. The presence of large numbers of symbionts near …

The colonic epithelium facilitates host–microorganism interactions to control mucosal
immunity, coordinate nutrient recycling and form a mucus barrier. Breakdown of the …

T-cells are crucial in maintanence of intestinal homeostasis, however, it is still unclear how
microbiota metabolites regulate T-effector cells. Here we show gut microbiota-derived short …

1.2. Definitions Ulcerative colitis [UC] is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes
continuous mucosal inflammation of the colon, usually without granulomas on biopsy. It …

Abstract The NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog has provided data from published genome-wide
association studies since 2008. In 2015, the database was redesigned and relocated to …

One of the fundamental issues in the microbiome research is characterization of the healthy
human microbiota. Recent studies have elucidated substantial divergences in the …