Antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE (E nterococcus faecium, S taphylococcus aureus, K
lebsiella pneumoniae, A cinetobacter baumannii, P seudomonas aeruginosa, and E …

Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Membrane proteins are highly diverse in both structure and function and can, therefore,
present different challenges for structure determination. They are biologically important for …

Membrane proteins play critical physiological roles in all organisms, from ion transport and
signal transduction to multidrug resistance. Elucidating their 3D structures is essential for …

Rresistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria remove
multiple, structurally distinct classes of antimicrobials from inside bacterial cells therefore …

Conventionally used antibiotics are present in low concentrations at the infection site and
require multiple administrations to sustain a continuous bactericidal effect, which not only …

The rise in multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the greatest threats to human health
worldwide. MDR in bacterial pathogens is a major challenge in healthcare, as bacterial …

Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are a global threat with many common infections
becoming increasingly difficult to eliminate. While significant effort has gone into the …

The tripartite multidrug efflux system MexAB-OprM is a major actor in Pseudomonas
aeruginosa antibiotic resistance by exporting a large variety of antimicrobial compounds …

Upon antibiotic stress Gram-negative pathogens deploy resistance-nodulation-cell division-
type tripartite efflux pumps. These include a H+/drug antiporter module that recognizes …