Abstract P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a drug efflux transporter that triggers doxorubicin (DOX)
resistance. In this review, we highlight the molecular avenues regulating P-gp, such as Nrf2 …

An important motivation for the use of nanomaterials and nanoarchitectures in cancer
therapy emanates from the widespread emergence of drug resistance. Although doxorubicin …

Surface charge of biological and medical nanocarriers has been demonstrated to play an
important role in cellular uptake. Owing to the unique physicochemical properties, charge …

Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a cell surface glycoprotein overexpressed in varieties
of solid tumors including pancreatic, breast, ovary, brain, and lung cancers. It is a multi …

Dendrimers are a family of polymers with highly branched structure, well‐defined
composition, and extensive functional groups, which have attracted great attention in …

With the rapid development of biopharmaceuticals and the outbreak of COVID-19, the world
has ushered in a frenzy to develop gene therapy. Therefore, therapeutic genes have …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer is a persistent problem in chemotherapy. Scientists
have considered the overexpressed efflux transporters responsible for MDR and …

Owing to the severe side-effects of traditional drug delivery, desired outcomes have not
been fully achieved. Hence, there are growing demands for new functional materials as drug …

Therapeutic oligonucleotides (TOs) represent one of the most promising drug candidates in
the targeted cancer treatment due to their high specificity and capability of modulating …

Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is an innovative treatment strategy for a myriad of
indications. Non-viral synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn extensive attention as …