Robert (Bobby) James Fischer was one of the world's most mysterious and exciting
personalities of the middle 20th century. He single handedly ended a 35 year span of …

This chapter provides the efforts made by African Americans to compete with and against
their white counterparts on an equal basis in highly organised sport in the USA. These …

For fans of black collegiate football, the mere mention of “the classic” conjures a number of
feelings and functions associated with the athletic contest on the gridiron. Indeed, notes JR …

In the fall of 1967, a group of student leaders at Grambling College in northern Louisiana
began a protest they hoped would turn their world upside down. The students argued that …

ABSTRACT Legendary African American athletes such as Jackie Robinson, Lew Alcindor,
and Michael Jordan, among many others, garnered fame and favor in the American …

American “gridiron” football began as an intercollegiate game in the 1800s and soon
became a popular spectacle. Marred by fatalities and scandals, college football was …

African Americans have fought for many years to become full participants in their nation's
most popular sporting pastimes. Like other groups, including white ethnics such as Irish …