In order to ensure normal body function, the human body is dependent on a tight control of
its blood glucose levels. This is accomplished by a highly sophisticated network of various …

Although the brain has been considered an insulin-insensitive organ, recent reports on the
location of insulin and its receptors in the brain have introduced new ways of considering …

Recent behavioral studies in both humans and rodents have found evidence that
performance in decision-making tasks depends on two different learning processes; one …

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, so named because they are inhibited by
intracellular ATP, play key physiological roles in many tissues. In pancreatic β cells, these …

Peripheral neurons that sense glucose relay signals of glucose availability to integrative
clusters of neurons in the brain. However, the roles of such signalling pathways in the …

Hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been suggested to act as a key
sensing mechanism, responding to hormones and nutrients in the regulation of energy …

This review is focused on two topics related to glucose in vertebrates. In a first section
devoted to glucose homeostasis we describe how glucose levels fluctuate and are regulated …

Insulin has pleiotropic biological effects in virtually all tissues. However, the relevance of
insulin signaling in peripheral tissues has been studied far more extensively than its role in …

The past 20 years witnessed an enormous leap in understanding of the central regulation of
whole-body energy metabolism. Genetic tools have enabled identification of the region …

Neuronal circuits in the central nervous system play a critical role in orchestrating the control
of glucose and energy homeostasis. Glucose, beside being a nutrient, is also a signal …