Needle-free jet injectors have been proposed as an alternative to injections with hypodermic
needles. Currently, a handful of commercial needle-free jet injectors already exist. However …

In 2019, an 'influenza pandemic'and 'vaccine hesitancy'were listed as two of the top 10
challenges to global health by the WHO. The skin is a unique vaccination site, due to its …

Oncolytic viruses are natural or genetically modified viral species that selectively infect and
kill neoplastic cells. Such an innate or exogenously conferred specificity has generated …

Intradermal (ID) vaccination can offer improved immunity and simpler logistics of delivery,
but its use in medicine is limited by the need for simple, reliable methods of ID delivery. ID …

Technologies and strategies for cutaneous vaccination have been evolving significantly
during the past decades. Today, there is evidence for increased efficacy of cutaneously …

DNA vaccination has been widely studied to develop new, alternative, efficient and safe
vaccines for humans and animals. Many efforts have been made to increase the immunising …

Intradermal immunization has become a forefront of vaccine improvement, both scientifically
and commercially. Newer technologies are being developed to address the need to reduce …

DNA vaccines are simple to produce and can generate strong cellular and humoral immune
response, making them attractive vaccine candidates. However, a major shortcoming of …

It is now well established that most cervical cancers are causally associated with HPV
infection. This realization has led to efforts to control HPV-associated malignancy through …

DNA vaccination represents a smart and promising approach to cancer immunotherapy.
DNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy are designed to deliver one or several genes …