Background Leishmaniases are parasitic diseases present worldwide that are transmitted to
the vertebrate host by the bite of an infected sand fly during a blood feeding. Phlebotomine …

Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan Leishmania parasites that are transmitted through
female sandfly bites. The disease is predominantly endemic to the tropics and semi-tropics …

Many endemic poverty-associated diseases, such as malaria and leishmaniasis, are
transmitted by arthropod vectors. Pathogens must interact with specific molecules in the …

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease endemic in over 100 countries
around the world. Available control measures are not always successful, therapeutic options …

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an immune-mediated skin pathology caused mainly by
Leishmania (L.) major, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania braziliensis, L. mexicana, and L …

Phlebotomus argentipes is the predominant sandfly vector of leishmaniasis in the Indian
subcontinent. India and Sri Lanka primarily report visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis …

Triatomines are blood-feeding insects that prey on vertebrate hosts. Their saliva is largely
responsible for their feeding success. The triatomine salivary content has been studied over …

Background Antibody responses to sand fly saliva have been suggested to be a useful
marker of exposure to sand fly bites and Leishmania infection and a potential tool to monitor …

Biomarkers are incorporated ubiquitously into clini-cal practice as surrogate endpoints of
physiologic and pathologic processes that cannot be measured directly. For example, a lipid …

In Latin America, zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) arising from infection by L. infantum
is primarily transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. Dogs, which are chronic …