The vaginal microbiome is an intricate and dynamic microecosystem that constantly
undergoes fluctuations during the female menstrual cycle and the woman's entire life. A …

Bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and endometritis are infections of the
genital tract that can lead to many adverse health outcomes, including infertility. Bacterial …

Women are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) throughout
life. In addition to their high prevalence in women, STIs have debilitating effects on female …

Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported
as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in the emergency departments worldwide. The …

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the upper genital tract occurring
predominantly in sexually active young women. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria …

The microbiome of the female reproductive tract defies the convention that high biodiversity
is a hallmark of an optimal ecosystem. Although not universally true, a homogeneous …

Background A dominance of non-iners Lactobacillus species in the vaginal microbiome is
optimal and strongly associated with gynecological and obstetric health, while the presence …

Importance Chlamydia and gonorrhea are among the most common sexually transmitted
infections in the US. Infection rates are highest among adolescents and young adults of both …

The growth of cancer tissue is thought to be considered driven by a small subpopulation of
cells, so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are located at the apex of a hierarchy in a …

There is a growing awareness of the importance of sex and gender in medicine and
research. Women typically have stronger immune responses to self and foreign antigens …